Nature’s demise is a global crisis that jeopardizes food security and human well-being. Due to human activities, close to a million plant and animal species face extinction within the ensuing decades (IUCN, 2022). However, November 15th, 2022 is touted as the day our species reached 8 billion people on Earth (United Nations, 2022). Although food production is sufficient to feed everyone, the distribution of nature’s contributions to people is unequal and unfair (IPBES, 2019). This inequality puts pressure on farmers to increase food production, which in turn drives biodiversity loss by having altered 75% of the global land area (IPBES, 2019). The erosion of biodiversity reduces the resilience of agricultural systems to climate change, plagues and diseases, and undermines the diversity and quality of human diets. To safeguard biodiversity and ensure food security, transformative changes are needed in the way we produce, consume and value food. However, this is not an easy task as biodiversity conservation and food security often have conflicting interests and trade-offs. Concurrently, the Living Planet Index indicates a 69% decline in the global populations of vertebrate wildlife between 1970 and 2018 (WWF, 2022). In fact, humans and livestock comprise 96% of the world’s mammalian biomass (Bar-On et al., 2018). This mounting pressure on biodiversity stability does not show signs of declining naturally. On the contrary, human actions such as expanding the cultivation area to grow crops, tend livestock, and urbanize further aggravate biodiversity loss. Similarly, conservation efforts that disregard human well-being, such as the fortress approach, affect the prospects of ensuring food security for the growing population.Conservation efforts often push back against what we see as a necessity and what other species might consider hoarding if they had our insight, creating conflicting interests between food security and biodiversity conservation. However, to feed the human population and avoid further species extinction and ecosystem collapse, both activities must coexist in the same space. Thus, owing to the complexity inherent in food security and biodiversity conservation, studying the two sectors in tandem requires integrating disciplines that might traditionally not have been associated with one another. In this sense, biocultural approaches (a combination of inter- and transdisciplinary sciences) appear as an effective lens to achieve the dual goals of ensuring food security and conserving biodiversity, especially at the landscape scale where the two emerge as integrated (Hanspach et al., 2020). Therefore, this Research Topic addressed the relation between food security and biodiversity conservation to aid in generating pathways to landscapes where both goals can coexist. The contributors to this topic present four distinct approaches which illuminate the need for a diverse perspective when dealing with such a complex and integrated issue.