A look into the history of fisheries around the world reveals a longstanding reliance on traditional fishing methods such as beach seines, cast nets, hook and line, and more. Deeply embedded in local culture, these practices were fine-tuned over the years to ensure the long-term continuum of marine resources. However, the introduction of modern technologies, such as mechanized boats and trawl nets, has significantly altered fishing dynamics. While modern methods have enhanced fishing efficiency and economic returns for some, they have also brought unintended consequences for most. Destructive practices such as bottom trawling have had several repercussions ranging from habitat degradation and loss of biodiversity to overexploitation of fish stocks. These practices not only threaten the longevity of marine resources but also significantly challenge the survival of fishing communities that rely on them.

Economically, the shift to modern fishing has exacerbated inequalities within fishing communities. Traditional fishers, often operating with limited resources and localized knowledge, struggle to compete with larger, mechanized operations that benefit from economies of scale and access to capital. This economic disparity affects livelihood security and contributes to social tensions and cultural shifts within the community. This could play out in two ways, with the younger generations either drawn to the promise of higher incomes from modern fishing or them stepping away from the occupation entirely. Regardless of the path taken, the outcome remains the same—future generations will likely distance themselves from traditional fishing practices, risking the erosion of valuable traditional knowledge and cultural heritage tied to fishing.

This thesis examines the evolution of fishing practices in Malvan, Sindhudurg, focusing on the transition from traditional to modern fishing methods and their impacts on marine ecosystems, local economies, and cultural heritage. The study integrates semi-structured interviews with individual stakeholders conducted in four key fishing villages: Dandi, Devbaug, Tarkarli, and Dhuriwada. The primary objectives of this study are to explore changes in fishing techniques and address factors responsible for these changes.

The study emphasizes the urgent need for conservation efforts and policy interventions to promote and support traditional fishing practices in Malvan. Revitalizing traditional methods, which emphasize ecological resilience and cultural continuity, is essential for restoring marine health and safeguarding local livelihoods. Policy recommendations include stricter regulations on destructive fishing practices, ensuring enforcement of existing laws, and supporting community-based conservation initiatives. These measures aim to foster a balanced approach that integrates ecological, economic, and cultural considerations for sustainable fisheries management in Malvan.

In conclusion, this thesis contributes to the understanding of the interplay between technological advancements and socio-economic development, and their impact on fishing practices, the fishing community and the marine ecosystem of Malvan. By highlighting the complexities of change and their correlation with a greener environment and cultural preservation, the study underscores the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders to achieve a holistic future for Malvan’s fisheries. Future research should focus on assessing the impact and extent of multi-dimensional change via long-term monitoring projects. Through engagement with diverse stakeholders, an all-inclusive sustainable fisheries management strategy can be developed for the region.