Landscape structure in forest landscapes strongly determines ecosystems functioning, ecological processes and species persistance. Anthropogenic activities are leading to landscape modification, causing habitat degradation and disruption of ecological processes, resulting in biodiversity loss. Mammals in particular have experienced major declines in their populations and ranges globally and across India, largely owing to human induced landscape changes and habitat degradation. As forest landscapes continue to shrink globally, the impacts of habitat loss and degradation on mammals outside protected areas, and the importance of protected areas in sustaining mammals at a landscape level needs to be examined in finer detail to facilitate their conservation.