There are more than 7000 species of amphibians across the world. Yet among vertebrates, they are the highest to be threatened with extinction (Collins 2010). As compared to the historical extinction rate, the current extinction rate of amphibians is 200 times higher. Amphibians are thus considered to be the indicators for the biodiversity loss (Roelants et al., 2007).
A number of factors have been reported to be responsible for amphibian decline such as habitat fragmentation (Cushman 2006), UV radiation (Blaustein et al., 1994), climate change (Pound et al., 1999) and disease (Briggs et al., 2005). Among these factors, habitat fragmentation has been the leading cause of amphibian population decline (Collins 2010). Fragmentation alters the existing habitats of amphibians making them vulnerable to extinction. Amphibians are known to be poor dispersers and habitat fragmentation like agriculture or roads can reduce their dispersal abilities (Cushman 2006). Agriculture can affect frog assemblages (Beja and Alcazar 2003) and roads can lead to mortality (Carr and Fahrig 2001) particularly during breeding seasons when frogs move across habitats for mating. Dispersal is an important factor that determines the persistence of populations. Low dispersal leads to depauperated genetic diversity due to inbreeding which could lead to lower fitness and viability of the populations (Waldman and Tocher 1998). For amphibians, such studies estimating genetic diversity and fitness are considered to be more useful for their conservation (Storfer et al., 2009).