Ceraphronidae is one of the small, commonly collected families of parasitoid Hymenoptera. Aphanogmus cecidovorus Ranjith sp. n. is described here as a parasitoid of the acarivorus cecidomyiid Microdiplosis pongamiae Mani. This is the first host–parasitoid association of Aphanogmus parasitising an acarivorus cecidomyiid reported from outside the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions. The new species is described and compared with related species and those with a similar association. Taxonomic placement of the new species and host–parasitoid association are commented on briefly.