Addressing the Linnaean short fall—lack of knowledge in taxonomy and phylogeny (Raven & Wilson, 1992)—is a prerequisite for resolving the other six major knowledge gaps in understanding and conserving biodiversity such as Wallacean (species distribution), Prestonian (abundance), Darwinian (evolutionary patterns), Eltonian (species ecology), Raunkiaeran (behavior) and Hutchinsonian (species responses to habitat change) shortfalls (Hortal et al., 2015). Taxonomy—the capacity to identify and specify the elements of biodiversity—provides the core reference system and knowledge base upon which our understanding of biodiversity is based. Unambiguous identification of organisms is crucial for meeting development challenges of the 21st century, particularly in developing countries. High quality taxonomic input is vital for poverty alleviation through sustainable agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, for combating insect pests and human diseases, disaster management, sustainable trade in biological products and management of alien invasive species. Inventories based on taxonomy provide baseline information for the assessment of changes as well as conservation and management of biodiversity.