A sharp decline in south Asian vulture populations (>95%) was first recorded in the late 90s in Bharatpur, India (Prakash 1999). This decline was reported to be most severe for three species of vulture: Oriental White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis, Long-billed Vulture Gyps indicus and Slender-billed Vulture Gyps tenuirostris (Prakash 1999, 2003; Gilbert 2003). Various hypotheses were proposed to explain the cause(s) of decline and the renal failure and avian gout found in many dead vultures that were examined (Pain 2001; Gilbert 2003). Eventually, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) named diclofenac sodium was found to be highly correlated with numbers of dead vultures found in Pakistan’s Punjab Province that died from renal failure and avian gout (Oakset al. 2004). Subsequent studies provided further evidence that diclofenac was the main cause of vulture mortality and population decline in south Asia (Green 2004, 2006).